WebGIS-Based Traceability Model with QR Encoding for Operational Decision-Making in the Pasuruan GI Arabica Coffee Supply Chain

Abstract

The growing global demand for supply chain transparency and regulatory compliance has intensified the need for integrated digital traceability systems, particularly for geographically indicated (GI) agricultural products. In response, this study develops and conceptually evaluates a Web-GIS-based traceability prototype for Pasuruan GI Arabica coffee to enhance transparency, regulatory alignment, and digital integration across supply chain actors. A mixed-methods approach was employed within a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS) framework, combining qualitative stakeholder interviews, field observations, document analysis, and system prototyping. Key stakeholders, including farmers, collectors, cooperatives, processors, and exporters, participated in system validation and iterative refinement. The proposed prototype integrates farm-level geolocation mapping, QR-coded lot identification, transaction recording, and role-specific dashboards to enable end-to-end traceability. The system is designed to support compliance with Geographical Indication standards and the European Union Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR), thereby strengthening international market readiness. The findings suggest that the WebGIS-based system has the potential to improve data integration, reduce documentation fragmentation, and enhance coordination among supply chain actors, although empirical validation through
pilot deployment and quantitative evaluation remains a subject for future research. This study contributes both practically and theoretically to agricultural digital transformation by demonstrating how geospatially enabled information systems can reinforce regulatory compliance, supply chain transparency, and long-term value protection for GI-certified coffee.

Key words: Geographical Indication; Arabica coffee; Supply chain transparency; European Union Deforestation-Free Regulation.